Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Review - Essay Example The organizational model provided by Miner also provides for evolution by providing for these three aspects of structural change in processes. Formalized job systems that are coordinated by management form the basis for replication of job activities. Variation in these processes is provided for through idiosyncratic jobs created specifically around particular people. The mechanisms in place for elimination of some processes over time is achieved in the model through managerial actions such as layoffs, budget changes and reorganization, so that some jobs are selectively retained while others which are not beneficial for further evolution of the organization are eliminated. This study is important because it demonstrates how strategic planning or organizational change and evolution requires the establishment of clear and stable goals. As a result, to some extent formalization of internal organizational processes is necessary, and this does not necessarily deter the process of evolutionary change. Since some processes within the organization are created through the process of innovation in responses to they changes in the environment, these processes must be formalized in order to ensure that useful activities are identified and preserved, so that they continue to contribute to organizational efficiency. The model proposed by the author has provided concrete mechanisms to deal with the issue of selective job retention, through the establishment of definite boundaries and providing for adaptation, while also clarifying that such adaptations are not necessarily guaranteed, because they will depend upon the environment and the feasibility of carrying them out†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦345 words 2. The article by R.M. Cantor (2003) deals with the changes in organizational pathology that occur when a distressed organization is turned around from failure and set on the

Standardized testing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Standardized testing - Research Paper Example The method of standardized testing is unbiased and this is arguably its biggest pro. It does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race or religion. The standardized method of testing works well in indentifying the needs of underperformers and those who are succeeding. Specific programs can be developed for underperformers to make them excel. It is a good method in order to achieve proficiency. It can also help create a more transparent education system. Being fair to each and every student is very important and standardized testing proves to be a very effective system when it comes to being fair to students. Standardized testing is considered to be an unfair system by many. This is because it does not take into account the differences in students and each and every student is judged using the same guidelines. This seems to be unfair and unjust. It is very important to consider the differences in each student. Not everyone can be a monkey and accomplish the daunting task of climbing trees. Assessment and education are two very important topics. Standardized testing is a good way of imparting education but when it comes to assessment it fails on more forefronts than one. Standardized testing has had a positive effect on many students. They have achieved great success academically because of this method. It is also a very reliable way of measuring the achievements of students. At the same time many consider this method to be highly flawed. â€Å"After No Child Left Behind (NCLB) passed in 2002, the US slipped from 18th in the world in math on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to 31st place in 2009, with a similar drop in science and no change in reading.† (Walker, Tim) Standardized testing is unfair to non-English speakers and there is hardly any doubt about this statement.